Neuroticism and Introversion: The Personality Predispositions to develop Depression
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v2i2.36Keywords:
Neuroticism, Introversion, Depression, Pearson's Correlation, Regression AnalysisAbstract
The previous research studies claimed that there is a relationship between personality predispositions and affective disorders like depression. Personality traits like neuroticism and introversion are considered as a vulnerable factors for the development of depression. Therefore, the aim of this research study was to investigate that whether personality traits like introversion and neuroticisms are linked to depression. The researcher recruited a sample size of 200 university students who were studying in Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, and Women University Bahawalpur. Beck depression inventory (BDI), Introversion scale and Neuroticism dimension included in an inventory which was used to measure depression, introversion and neuroticism respectively. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, regression analysis and an independent sample t-tests. The results revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between neuroticism, introversion personality traits and depression. The introversion and neuroticism personality traits significantly predicted depression.
References
Asendorpf, J., & Neyer, F. (2012). Psychologie der Persönlichkeit [Psychology of personality] (5th ed.). Berlin, Germany: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30264-0
Barrio, V. d., Moreno-Rosset, C., Rosa, L.-M., & Margarita, O. (1997). Anxiety, depression and personality structure . Person. Individual Differences, 23, 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00030-5
Beck, A. T., Steer, R.A., & Garbin, M.G. (1988) Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8(1), 77-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5
Besser, A., & Shackelford, T. (2007). Mediation of the effects of the big five personality dimensions on negative mood and confirmed affective expectations by perceived situational stress: A quasi-field study of vacationers. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1333-1346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.011
Bums, D. (1999). Feeling good. New York, NY: Avon Books, Inc.
Chioqueta, A., & Stiles, T. (2005). Personality traits and the development of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(6), 1283-1291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.010
Cloninger, C. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classi?cation of personality variants. Archives of General Psychiatry , 44(6), 573-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800180093014
Cuijpers, P., van, S., F, S., Mihalopoulos, C., & Beekman, A. (2008). Preventing the onset of depressive disorders: a meta-analytic review of psychological interventions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165,1272–1280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07091422
Daniel, N., Roman, K., & Sara, J. (2011). Personality and Depression: Explanatory Models and Review of the Evidence. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1-12.
Duggan, C., Sham, P., Lee, A., Minne, C., & Murray, R. (1995). Neuroticism: A vulnerability marker for depression evidence from a family study. Journal of Affective disorders, 35(3), 139-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(95)00062-3
Farmer, A., Redman, K., Harris, T., Mahmood, A., Sadler, S., Pickering, A., & McGuffin, P. (2002). Neuroticism, extraversion, life events and depression: The Cardiff Depression Study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 118-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.2.118
Fruyt, D., F.D, Van, L., Bagby, R., Rolland, J., & Rouillon, R. (2006). Assessing and interpreting personality change and continuity in patients treated for major depression. Psychological Assessment, 18(1), 71-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.18.1.71
Goodwin, R., & Gotlib, H. (2004). Gender differences in depression: the role of personality factors. Psychiatry Research, 126(2), 135-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2003.12.024
Gudjonsson, G., Sigurdsson, J., Bragason, O., Einarsson, E., & Valdimarsdottir, E. (2004). Compliance and personality: The vulnerability of the unstable introvert. European Journal of Personality, 18(5), 435-443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/per.514
International Personality Item Pool (2019). https://ipip.ori.org/
Janowsky, D. (2001). Introversion and extraversion: Implications for depression and suicidality. Current Psychiatry Report, 3(6), 444-450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-001-0037-7
Karanci, A., Darik, G., & Yorulumez, O. (2007). Reliability and validity studies of Turkish translation of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-abbreviated. Turk Psikyiatri Derg, 18(3), 254-261.
Kendler, K., Gatz, M., Gardner, C., & Pedersen, N. (2006). Personality and major depression: A Swedish longitudinal, population-based twin study. Archieves of General Psychiatry, 63(10), 113-1120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.63.10.1113
Kendler, K., Neale, M., Kessler, R., Heath, A., & Eaves, L. (1993). A longitudinal twin study of personality and major depression in women. 1993). Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 853–862. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820230023002
Kendler, K., & Prescott, C. (1999). A population-based twin study of lifetime major depression in men and women. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 39-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.56.1.39
Kercher, A., Rapee, R., & Schniering, C. (2009). Neuroticism life events and negative thoughts in the development of depression in adolescent girls. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(7), 903-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9325-1
Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010). Linking “big” personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 768-821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020327
Kroeger, O., & Thuesen, J. (1992). Type talk at work: How the 16 personality types determine your success on the job. New York, NY: Tilden Press.
Lake, R., Eaves, L., Maes, H., Heath, A., & Martin, N. (2000). Further evidence against the environmental transmission of individual differences in neuroticism from a collaborative study of 45,850 twins and relatives on two continents. Behavioral Genetics, 30, 223-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1001918408984
Laney, M. (2005). The hidden gifts of the introverted child. New York, NY: Workman Publishing Company, Inc.
Lang, K., & Farmer, A. (2007). The causes of depression. In: Stein G, Wilkinson G (Eds)Seminars in general adult psychiatry. London: The Cromwell Press, 48-70.
Lönnqvist, J., Verkasalo, M., Mäkinen, S., & Henriksson, M. (2009). High neuroticism at age 20 predicts history of mental disorders and low self-esteem at age 35. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65,781-790. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20571
Minirth, F. (2004). Choices that can change your life. Grand Rapids, MI: Fleming H. Revell. In pursuit of happiness, 1-12.
Nordfjaern, T., Bjerkeset, O., Moylan, S., & Berk, M. (2013). Cluster of personality traits and psychological symptoms associated with later benzodiazipines prescriptions in the general population:the HUNT cohort study. Addictive Behaviors, 2575-2580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.06.010
PT, C., & Jr, M. (1987). Neuroticism, somatic complaints, and disease: Is the bark worse than the bite? Journal of Personality, 55(2), 299-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00438.x
Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (1998). Communication apprehension, avoidance and
effectiveness (5th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Rosenman, J., & Rodgers, B. (2006). Childhood Adversity and Adult Personality. Journal of Psychiatry, 40(5), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01826.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01826.x
Tieger, P., & Barron-Tieger, B. (2001). Do what you are: Discover the perfect career for you through the secrets of personality type (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Company.
Van Gundy, K., & Schieman, S. (2001). Looking inward: Introspectiveness, physical disability, and depression across the life course. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 53(4), 293-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2190/XEYW-H4XR-JBAF-2L6K
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (https://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction
and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the Journal website at (https://iprpk.com/ojs/index.php/jpap)