Development and Validation of Psychological Capital Scale for Dual Role Individuals: Further Evidence of Psychometric Properties
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v4i2.163Keywords:
Goal Orientation, Optimism, Psychological Capital Scale, Resilience, Self EfficacyAbstract
The current study aimed to develop and validate the measure of psychological capital (Pychological Capital Scale; PCS)) for dual roles individuals. A conceptual referent theory of positive psychological capital anticipated by Luthans et al. (2004) guided for development of the instrument. Further, factor analysis and reliability of PCS were determined on the sample of 150 dual-role individuals belonging to various educational institutes, government and private organizations, hospitals, software houses, and private firms of Punjab. Additionally, 21 items of the PCS were subjected to principal component analysis and emerged four factors. Each item loaded at above .45 on four factors, labeled as Goal orientation (7 items; 31.07% variance), Optimism (6 items; 8.09% variance), Self-efficacy (5 items; 7.17% variance), and Resilience (3 items; 6.08% variance). The scale items exhibited a high level of internal consistency, which was supported by the reliability estimates of the alpha coefficient (?=.89) and item-total correlation (ranging from .29 to .62, p<.05). The construct validity of the instrument was established with a Positive Psychological Capital (PPC) Scale (Luthans et al., 2004) and a Stress Scale (subscale of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) (Osman et al., 2012) on the sample of dual-role individuals. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model indicated a four-factor solution for measuring psychological capital. Furthermore, the reliability and validity analyses of the scale demonstrated its high reliability and validity in assessing the level of psychological capital in individuals with dual roles. The scale's psychometric properties are further examined, along with limitations and suggestions.
References
Alquicira, A. M., Mondragon, I. J. G., & Trejo, A. R. (2022). Organizational Resilience and Competitiveness. Mercados y Negocios, 46(23), 57-82.
Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio: revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 79-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808
Boldureanu, G., Ionescu, A. M., Bercu, A. M., Bedrule-Grigoru??, M. V., & Boldureanu, D. (2020). Entrepreneurship education through successful entrepreneurial models in higher education institutions. Sustainability, 12(3), 1267-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031267
Bourne, M. J., Smeltzer, S. C., & Kelly, M. M. (2021). Clinical teacher self-efficacy: A concept analysis. Nurse Education in Practice, 52(103029), 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103029
Butt, S., & Yazdani, N. (2021). Influence of workplace incivility on counterproductive work behavior: mediating role of emotional exhaustion, organizational cynicism and the moderating role of psychological capital. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 15(2), 378-404.
Choi, Y., & Lee, D. (2014). Psychological capital, big five traits, and employee outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(2), 122-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-06-2012-0193
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: basic issues in objective scale Development. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 309-319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309
Grover, S. L., Teo, S. T., Pick, D., Roche, M., & Newton, C. J. (2018). Psychological capital as a personal resource in the JD-R model. Personnel Review, 47(4), 968-984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-08-2016-0213
Grobler, A., & Joubert, Y. T. (2018). Psychological Capital: Convergent and discriminant validity of a reconfigured measure. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 21(1), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1715
Harms, P. D., & Luthans, F. (2012). Measuring implicit psychological constructs in organizational behavior: An example using psychological capital. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(4), 589-594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1785
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2012). Partial least squares: the better approach to structural equation modeling. Long Range Planning, 45(5-6), 312-319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.011
Hartwig, A., Clarke, S., Johnson, S., & Willis, S. (2020). Workplace team resilience: A systematic review and conceptual development. Organizational Psychology Review, 10(3-4), 169-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386620919476
Hillmann, J., & Guenther, E. (2021). Organizational resilience: a valuable construct for management research?. International Journal of Management Reviews, 23(1), 7-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12239
Hurley, A. E., Scandura, T. A., Schriesheim, C. A., Brannick, M. T., Seers, A., Vandenberg, R. J., & Williams, L. J. (1997). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Guidelines, issues, and alternatives. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 18(6), 667-683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199711)18:6<667::AID-JOB874>3.0.CO;2-T
Iftikhar, R., & Malik, F. (2014). Translation and Validation of Aggression Questionnaire in a Pakistani Children Cohort. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 12(1), 39-45.
Laranjeira, C., & Querido, A. (2022). Hope and Optimism as an Opportunity to Improve the “Positive Mental Health” Demand. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(827320), 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827320
Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Meta?analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. HumanRresource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
Luthans, F., Luthans, K., & Luthans, B. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Going beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2003.11.007
Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2004). Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management. Organizational Dynamics, 33(2), 143-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.01.003
Mondragon, I. G., Trejo, A. R., & Alquicira, A. M. (2022). Is organizational resilience a competitive advantage?. Mercados y Negocios: Revista de Investigación yy Analisis, 5(46), 57-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32870/myn.vi46.7670
Naseem, K., & Ahmed, A. (2020). Presenteeism as a consequence of workplace bullying: Mediating role of emotional exhaustion and moderation of climate for conflict management. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Science, 14(1), 143-166.
Newman, A., Ucbasaran, D., Zhu, F. E. I., & Hirst, G. (2014). Psychological capital: A review and synthesis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(1),120-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1916
Osborne, J. W., Costello, A. B., & Kellow, J. T. (2008). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is rightly described as both an art and a science, where researchers follow a series of ana-lytic steps involving judgments more reminiscent of qualitative inquiry, an interesting irony given the mathematical sophistication underlying EFA models. Best Practices in Quantitative Methods, 86-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995627.d8
Osman, A., Wong, J. L., Bagge, C. L., Freedenthal, S., Gutierrez, P. M., & Lozano, G. (2012). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales – 21 (DASS?21): Further examination of dimensions, scale reliability, and correlates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(12),1322-1338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21908
Purol, M. F., & Chopik, W. J. (2021). Optimism: Enduring resource or miscalibrated perception?. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 15(5), e12593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12593
Rees, C. S., Breen, L. J., Cusack, L., & Hegney, D. (2015). Understanding individual resilience in the workplace: the international collaboration of workforce resilience model. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 73. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00073
Roulin, N., Bourdage, J. S., Hamilton, L. K., O'Neill, T. A., & Shen, W. (2021). Emerging research in industrial–organizational psychology in Canada. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 53(2), 91-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000274
Santana-Cardenas, S., Viseu, J., Lopez Nunez, M. I., & Jesus, S. (2018). Validity and reliability evidence of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire-12 in a sample of Mexican workers. Anales De Psicología, 34(3), 562-570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.3.319211
Shorey, H. S., Little, T. D., Snyder, C. R., Kluck, B., & Robitschek, C. (2007). Hope and personal growth initiative: A comparison of positive, future-oriented constructs. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(7), 1917-1926. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.011
Slatten, T., Mutonyi, B. R., & Lien, G. (2020). The impact of individual creativity, psychological capital, and leadership autonomy support on hospital employees’ innovative behaviour. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05954-4
Wilson, F. R., Pan, W., & Schumsky, D. A. (2012). Recalculation of the critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 45(3), 197-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175612440286
Youssef?Morgan, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2015). Psychological capital and well?being. Stress and Health, 31(3), 180-188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2623
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Iffat Batool , Muhammad Zohaib Khan, Shah Rukh Tariq
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (https://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction
and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the Journal website at (https://iprpk.com/ojs/index.php/jpap)
