Social Appearance Anxiety, Psychological Distress and Quality of Life among Patients with Burn Injuries

Authors

  • Mureed Hussain Associate Professor, Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
  • Muhammad Tariq Principal, Quest College, Multan, Pakistan.
  • Mubashir Hussain Head of Department (Psychology), Quest College, Multan, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v4i3.196

Keywords:

Burn Injuries, Psychological Distress, Quality of Life, Social Appearance Anxiety, Upper Limbs Burn Injuries

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between social appearance anxiety, psychological distress and quality of life among patients with burn injuries. This cross-sectional study was conducted at public sector hospitals of Multan during February 2021 to November 2022. The sample of this study was consisted of 200 burn patients (90 males and 110 females) with upper limb injuries which were selected through purposive sampling. The age range of the participants was 16-40 years (M= 28, SD= 7.91). Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Health Related Quality of Life scales were used as data collection tools. The findings of this study revealed significant positive correlation between social appearance anxiety and psychological distress and negative correlation between these variables and health related quality of life. Results established that high ratio of social appearance anxiety and psychological distress leads towards lower quality of life. Similarly, female patients with upper limbs burn injuries showed higher level of social appearance anxiety and psychological distress and lower level of quality of life as compared to male burn patients with upper limbs burn injuries.

References

Ajoudani, F., Jasemi, M., & Lotfi, M. (2018). Social participation, social support, and body image in the first year of rehabilitation in burn survivors: A longitudinal, three-wave cross-lagged panel analysis using structural equation modeling. Burns, 44(5), 1141-1150. DOI. 10.1016/j.burns.2018.03.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.03.018

Blakeney, P., Partridge, J., & Rumsey, N. (2007). Community integration. Journal of Burn Care & Research, 28(4), 598 601. https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0B013E318093E493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0B013E318093E493

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003). HRQOL-14: Health-Related Quality of Life Measures. CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

Cleary, M., Kornhaber, R., Thapa, D. K., West, S., & Visentin, D. (2020). A quantitative systematic review assessing the impact of burn injuries on body image. Body Image, 33, 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.008

Cromes, G. F., Holavanahalli, R., Kowalske, K., & Helm, P. (2002). Predictors of quality of life as measured by the Burn Specific Health Scale in persons with major burn injury. The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, 23(3), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200205000-00016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200205000-00016

Difede, J., Ptacek, J. T., Roberts, J., Barocas, D., Rives, W., Apfeldorf, W., & Yurt, R. (2002). Acute stress disorder after burn injury: a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder?. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64(5), 826-834. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200209000-00016

Duke, J. M., Randall, S. M., Vetrichevvel, T. P., McGarry, S., Boyd, J. H., Rea, S., & Wood, F. M. (2018). Long-term mental health outcomes after unintentional burns sustained during childhood: a retrospective cohort study. Burns & Trauma, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41038-018-0134-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41038-018-0134-z

Ehde, D. M., Patterson, D. R., Wiechman, S. A., & Wilson, L. G. (2000). Post-traumatic stress symptoms and distress 1 year after burn injury. The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, 21(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200021020-00005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200021020-00005

Fauerbach, J. A., Heinberg, L. J., Lawrence, J. W., Munster, A. M., Palombo, D. A., Richter, D., Spence, R. J., Stevens, S. S., Ware, L., & Muehlberger, T. (2000). Effect of early body image dissatisfaction on subsequent psychological and physical adjustment after disfiguring injury. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(4), 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200007000-00017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200007000-00017

Fauerbach, J. A., Lezotte, D., Hills, R. A., Cromes, G. F., Kowalske, K., de Lateur, B. J., Goodwin, C. W., Blakeney, P., Herndon, D. N., Wiechman, S. A., Engrav, L. H., & Patterson, D. R. (2005). Burden of burn: a norm-based inquiry into the influence of burn size and distress on recovery of physical and psychosocial function. The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, 26(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bcr.0000150216.87940.ac DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BCR.0000150216.87940.AC

Fauerbach, J. A., McKibben, J., Bienvenu, O. J., Magyar-Russell, G., Smith, M. T., Holavanahalli, R., Patterson, D. R., Wiechman, S. A., Blakeney, P., & Lezotte, D. (2007). Psychological distress after major burn injury. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(5), 473–482. https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0b013e31806bf393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0b013e31806bf393

Forjuoh, S. N. (2006). Burns in low-and middle-income countries: a review of available literature on descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention. Burns, 32(5), 529-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.002

Global Burden of Disease (2008). The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Hart, T. A., Flora, D. B., Palyo, S. A., Fresco, D. M., Holle, C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008). Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment, 15(1), 48-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107306673

Hashmi, M., & Kamal, R. (2013). Management of patients in a dedicated burns intensive care unit (BICU) in a developing country. Burns, 39(3), 493-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2012.07.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2012.07.027

Herndon, D. (2012). Chapter 4: Prevention of burn injuries. Total burn care (4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders, 46.

Hudson, A., Al Youha, S., Samargandi, O. A., & Paletz, J. (2017). Pre-existing psychiatric disorder in the burn patient is associated with worse outcomes. Burns, 43(5), 973-982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2017.01.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2017.01.022

Iqbal, T., Saaiq, M., & Ali, Z. (2013). Epidemiology and outcome of burns: early experience at the country's first national burns center. Burns, 39(2), 358-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2012.07.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2012.07.011

Jasper, S., Rennekampff, H. O., & de Zwaan, M. (2013). Psychiatric co-morbidity, body image problems and psychotherapeutic interventions for burn survivors: a review. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie, 63(11), 423-428. DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343463 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1343463

Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Normand, S. L., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., .& Zaslavsky, A. M. (2003). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(2), 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184

Khaliq, M. F., Noorani, M. M., Siddiqui, U. A., Al Ibran, E., & Rao, M. H. (2013). Factors associated with duration of hospitalization and outcome in burns patients: A cross sectional study from Government Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Burns, 39(1), 150-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2012.04.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2012.04.002

Leblebici, B., Adam, M., Ba?i?, S., Tarim, A. M., Noyan, T., Akman, M. N., & Haberal, M. A. (2006). Quality of life after burn injury: the impact of joint contracture. Journal of Burn Care & Research, 27(6), 864-868. DOI10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BCR.0000245652.26648.36

Logsetty, S., Shamlou, A., Gawaziuk, J. P., March, J., Doupe, M., Chateau, D., Hoppensack, M., Khan, S., Medved, M., Leslie, W. D., Enns, M. W., Stein, M. B., Asmundson, G. J., & Sareen, J. (2016). Mental health outcomes of burn: A longitudinal population-based study of adults hospitalized for burns. Burns: Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 42(4), 738–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.03.006

Mahendraraj, K., Durgan, D. M., & Chamberlain, R. S. (2016). Acute mental disorders and short and long term morbidity in patients with third degree flame burn: A population-based outcome study of 96,451 patients from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2001–2011). Burns, 42(8), 1766-1773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.06.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.06.001

Malik, P., Garg, R., Sharma, K. C., Jangid, P., & Gulia, A. (2012). Quality of life in Burn Injury Patients. Delhi Psychiatry Journal, 15, 308–315.

Martin, L., Byrnes, M., McGarry, S., Rea, S., & Wood, F. (2017). Social challenges of visible scarring after severe burn: a qualitative analysis. Burns, 43(1), 76-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.07.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.07.027

Mason, S. T., Corry, N., Gould, N. F., Amoyal, N., Gabriel, V., Wiechman-Askay, S., Holavanahalli, R., Banks, S., Arceneaux, L., & Fauerbach, J. A. (2010). Growth curve trajectories of distress in burn patients. Journal of Burn Care & Research: Official Publication of the American Burn Association, 31(1), 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181cb8ee6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181cb8ee6

Oh, H., & Boo, S. (2017). Assessment of burn-specific health-related quality of life and patient scar status following burn. Burns, 43(7), 1479-1485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2017.03.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2017.03.023

Parslow, R. A., Jorm, A. F., & Christensen, H. (2006). Associations of pre-trauma attributes and trauma exposure with screening positive for PTSD: Analysis of a community-based study of 2085 young adults. Psychological Medicine, 36(3), 387-395. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291705006306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291705006306

Peck, M. D. (2011). Epidemiology of burns throughout the world. Part I: Distribution and risk factors. Burns, 37(7), 1087-1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2011.06.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2011.06.005

Peck, M., Molnar, J., & Swart, D. (2009). A global plan for burn prevention and care. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 802-803. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.059733 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.08.059733

Pishnamazi, Z., Asiabar, A. K., Karimavi, M. H., Zaeri, F., & Zadeh, R. N. (2012). Quality of life in burn patients. Payesh (Health Monitor), 11(1), 103-110. DOI. 20.1001.1.16807626.1390.11.1.12.0

Radix, A. K., Rinck, M., Becker, E. S., & Legenbauer, T. (2019). The mediating effect of specific social anxiety facets on body checking and avoidance. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2661. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02661

Sahin, E., & Topkaya, N. (2015). Factor structure of the social appearance anxiety scale in Turkish early adolescents. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3(8), 513-519. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2015.030806 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2015.030806

Shepherd, L., Reynolds, D. P., Turner, A., O’Boyle, C. P., & Thompson, A. R. (2019). The role of psychological flexibility in appearance anxiety in people who have experienced a visible burn injury. Burns, 45(4), 942-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.11.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.11.015

Sinha, I., Nabi, M., Simko, L. C., Wolfe, A. W., Wiechman, S., Giatsidis, G., ... & Schneider, J. C. (2019). Head and neck burns are associated with long-term patient-reported dissatisfaction with appearance: A Burn Model System National Database study. Burns, 45(2), 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.12.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.12.017

Smith, E., Haustein, S., Mongeon, P., Shu, F., Ridde, V., & Larivière, V. (2017). Knowledge sharing in global health research–the impact, uptake and cost of open access to scholarly literature. Health Research Policy and Systems, 15, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-017-0235-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-017-0235-3

Tirumala, N., Kumar, S. V., Sathyadev, M., Ande, J. D., Guguloth, K., Kiran, C., & Chandana, N. (2013). Assessment of quality of life in Thermal (flame) burn patients: An observational study at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Warangal, AP, India. International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 4(12).

Yoder, L. H., Nayback, A. M., & Gaylord, K. (2010). The evolution and utility of the burn specific health scale: a systematic review. Burns, 36(8), 1143-1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2010.01.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2010.01.004

Downloads

Published

2023-09-30

How to Cite

Hussain, M. ., Tariq, M. ., & Hussain, M. . (2023). Social Appearance Anxiety, Psychological Distress and Quality of Life among Patients with Burn Injuries. Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology, 4(3), 418–428. https://doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v4i3.196