Translation and Adaptation of Attitude Towards Sexuality Scale (ATSS) Urdu Version in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v3i3.112Keywords:
Sexuality Scale, Adolescents, Sexual AttitudeAbstract
Attitude Towards Sexuality Scale (ATSS) was adapted and translated for the use on Pakistani population. Convenience sampling was used for data collection and adolescents from several schools and colleges of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. A total of 316 adolescents participated in the study. ATSS developed by Fisher & Hall (1988) was used to assess sexual attitudes of adolescents. Initially, to assess the validation of ATSS on the current population, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was run to assess model fit but it resulted in identified problems because it was uni-dimensional scale so Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted. EFA showed the identification of two factors of the scale namely Liberal Attitude Towards Sexuality and Conservative Attitude Towards Sexuality. According to the results; Adolescents with conservative attitudes towards sexuality are less satisfied with their bodies and they are also more likely to have been involved in overeating or eating withdrawal. While adolescents with more liberal attitudes towards sexuality are more likely to experience body image guilt. Conservative attitudes are also indicative of a negative correlation with life skills. Results showed that ATSS is a uni-dimensional scale but the factor analysis showed two major subscales. Based on the findings, we can conclude that those who oppose the sexual, social, and cultural norms of our society are more likely to develop psychological issues such as poor life skills, negative body image and disordered eating. Hence, within Pakistan, sextual attitudes are more conservative and they are also more acceptable in comparison to liberal attitudes.
References
Ahrold, T. K. & Meston, C. M. (2010). Ethnic differences in sexual attitudes of US college students: Gender, Acculturation, and Religiosity Factors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 190-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9406-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9406-1
Bae, Y-S., & Kim, D-H. (2015). A comparison of the sexual Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Korean college students studying in Korea and in the United States. Open Journal of Nursing, 5, 1053-1062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2015.511112
Baker, J. H., Thornton, L. M., Lichtenstein, P., & Bulik, C. M. (2013). Pubertal development predicts eating behaviors in adolescence. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 45(7), 819–826. doi:10.1002/eat.22022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22022
Brandhorst, S. R., Ferguson, B., Sebby, R. A., & Weeks, R. (2012). The influence of peer sexual activity upon college students? sexual behavior. North American Journal of Psychology, 14, 111-122.
Cash, T. F. (2000). MBSRQ Users’ Manual. Norfolk, VA: Old Dominion University.
Cash, T. F., & Pruzinsky, T. (2002). An information processing perspective on body image. Body Image. A Handbook of Theory, Research & Clinical Practice. NY: Guilford Press.
Cooley, E., & Toray, T. (2001a). Disordered eating in college freshman women: A prospective study. Journal of American College Health, 49, 229–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480109596308
Cooley, E., & Toray, T. (2001b). Body image and personality predictors of eating disorder symptoms during the college years. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 28–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.1051
Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, &Evaluation, 10, 1-9
Cha, E. S., Doswell, W. M., Kim, K. H., Charron-Prochownik, D. & Patrick, T. E. (2007). Evaluating the theory of planned behavior to explain intention to engage in premarital sex amongst Korean college students: A Questionnaire Survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44, 1147-1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.04.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.04.015
de Guzmana, N. S., & Nishinab, A. (2014). A longitudinal study of body dissatisfaction and pubertal timing in an ethnically diverse adolescent sample. Body Image, 11, 68–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.11.001
Field, A. (2005). Reliability analysis. In: Field, A. (Ed)., Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. (2nd ed), Sage, London, Chapter 15.
Fisher, T. D., & Hall, R. G. (1988). A scale for the comparison of the sexual attitudes of adolescents and their parents. The Journal of Sex Research, 24, 90-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498809551400
Geurten, M., Catale, C., Geurten, C., Wansard, M., & Meulemans, T. (2016). Studying self-awareness in children: Validation of the Questionnaire of Executive Functioning (QEF). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 1744- 4144.doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2016.1178331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t58443-000
Gravelin, C. R., Biernat, M.,& Bucher, C. E. (2019).Blaming the Victim of Acquaintance Rape: Individual, Situational, and Sociocultural Factors. Frontiers in Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02422
Hahm, H. C., Lahiff, M. & Barreto, R. M. (2006). Asian American adolescents? first sexual intercourse: Gender and acculturation differences. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 38, 28-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/3802806 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1363/3802806
Ho, C. C., Singam, P., Hong, G. E. & Zainuddin, Z. M. (2011). Male sexual dysfunction in Asia. Asian Journal of Andrology, 13, 537-542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aja.2010.135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/aja.2010.135
Khan, A., & Pervez, S. (2005). Development of Social Skill Scale for Children. Unpublished thesis, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad.
Malleshappa, K., Krishna, S., & Nandini, C. (2011). Knowledge and attitude about reproductive health among rural adolescent girls in Kuppam mandal: An intervention study. Biomedical Research, 22(3), 305-310.
Muazam, A., & Khalid, R. (2011). Development and validation of disordered eating behavior scale: Identification, prevalence, and difference with clinically diagnosed eating disorders. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 26(2), 127-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t42648-000
Naqvi, I., & Kamal, A. (2017). Eating Attitudes and Beliefs in Food Myths among Adolescents. National Institute of Psychology, QAU, Islamabad, Pakistan. Unpublished thesis.
Oxfam (2017). An Exploratory Study: Awareness of Young People about Life Skills (Analysis Report). Research project “Sexual and Reproductive Health of Youth” No. A04101-12-507224.
Russell, S. T., & Joyner, K. (2001). Adolescent sexual orientation and suicide risk: Evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health, 91(8), 1276–1281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.8.1276
Shin, K. R., Park, H. S. & Hong, C. M. (2010). Effects of an educational program about reproductive health promotion on sexual knowledge and attitudes of university students from Korea. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, 22, 448-456.
Sohn, A. R., & Cheon, S. S. (2005). Comparing sexual attitude, sexual initiation and sexual behavior by gender in Korean college students. Health and Social Science, 18, 73-100.
Sousa, V., & Rojjanasrirat, V. (2010). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x
Thompson, T., Dinnel, D. L., & Dill, N. J. (2003). Development and validation of a body image guilt and shame scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 59-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00026-0
Valerie, S., Quayle, E., & Flynn, E. (2021). Prevalence and correlates of individuals with sexual interest in children: A systematic review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 15(105005).doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105005
Wetherill, R. R., Neal, D. J., & Fromme, K. (2010). Parents, peers, and sexual values influence sexual behavior during the transition to college. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 682-694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9476-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9476-8
Woo, J. S., Brotto, L. A. & Gorzalka, B. B. (2012). The relationship between sex guilt and sexual desire in a community sample of Chinese and Euro-Canadian women. Journal of Sex Research, 49, 290-298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2010.551792
Youn, G. (2001). Perceptions of peer sexual activities in Korean adolescents. Journal of Sex Research, 38, 352-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224490109552106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490109552106
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Kashmala Zaman, Humaira Jami, Zafar Ahmad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (https://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction
and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the Journal website at (https://iprpk.com/ojs/index.php/jpap)